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What’s Copper peptide GHK-Cu?

Copper peptide GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine. The tripeptide has strong affinity for copper(II). And it was first isolated from human plasma. It can be found also in saliva and urine.

Overview

In human plasma, the level of GHK-Cu is about 200 ng/ml at age 20. By the age of 60, the level drops to 80 ng/ml. In humans, scientists proposed to use GHK-Cu to promote wound healing, attraction of immune cells, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, stimulation of collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in skin fibroblasts and promotion of blood vessels growth. Recent studies revealed its ability to modulate expression of a large number of human genes, generally reversing gene expression to a healthier state. In cosmetics, synthetic GHK-Cu is used as a reparative and anti-aging ingredient.[1]

Current research

1. Anti-inflammatory activity

GHK peptide has anti-inflammatory properties but the mechanism remains unclear. Because of the anti-inflammatory properties, copper-peptides could replace corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. They also can reduce UV-induced Erythema.

2. DNA repair

A recent study showed GHK-Cu’s ability to restore function of irradiated fibroblasts to that of intact cells.

3. Nerve regeneration

GHK promotes nerve regeneration. Axon regeneration was studied using collagen tubes with incorporated peptides. GHK increased migration of hematogenous cells into collagen tube, production of nerve growth factors, expression of integrins and the rate of regeneration of myelinated nerve fibers.

4. Effect on stem cells

GHK-Cu stimulates proliferation of keratinocytes and increased expression of integrins and p63 protein in the epidermal stem cells.

5. Anti-cancer effect

GHK-Cu reverses the expression of certain genes involved in metastatic spreading of colon cancer. GHK-Cu was effective at a very low concentration – 1mkM.[2]

6. Genomic studies

GHK may directly modulate gene expression, which may explain the diversity of its biological actions.