In humans, peptides are found in every cell and tissue and have a wide range of basic functions. Maintaining proper peptide concentrations and levels of activity is necessary to achieve homeostasis and maintain health.
The function of the peptide depends on the type of amino acid involved in the chain and its sequence, as well as the specific shape of the peptide. Peptides usually act as hormones, thus forming a bio-message that transfers information from one tissue to another through the blood. Two common types of hormones are peptides and steroid hormones. Peptide hormones are produced in the glands and many other tissues, including the stomach, intestines, and brain. Examples of peptide hormones are those involved in blood glucose regulation, including insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon, and those that regulate appetite, including ghrelin.
what is a peptide？
Peptide is a naturally occurring small biomolecule, between amino acids and proteins.
Since the amino acid has the smallest molecule and the largest protein, they are short chains composed of amino acid monomers and are linked by peptide (amide) bonds. The covalent chemical bond is formed when a carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with an amino group of another amino acid. The short chain of peptides consisting of amino acids is a precise protein fragment. Its molecules are only nanometer-sized, and are easily absorbed by the stomach, blood vessels and skin. A dipeptide (abbreviated as a dipeptide) is a protein fragment composed of two amino acids. Two or more amino acids are dehydrated and condensed to form a plurality of peptide bonds to form a peptide, and a plurality of peptides are multi-stage folded to form a protein molecule. Protein is sometimes referred to as a “polypeptide”.
Classification:
Commonly there are dipeptides, tripeptides, even polypeptides, etc., while 2-20 peptides belong to oligo-peptides, 20-50 peptides belong to polypeptides, usually less than ten peptides Medical and commercial utility.
The peptide can be hydrolyzed by a dietary protein or manually. It is composed of two or more amino acid polymerizations, and is important in the regulation of cell physiology and metabolic functions. Most of the peptides are unstable in nature and should be protected from moisture during long-term storage. They should be placed below 4 °C.
Use:
In humans, peptides are found in every cell and tissue and have a wide range of basic functions. Maintaining proper peptide concentrations and levels of activity is necessary to achieve homeostasis and maintain health.
The function of the peptide depends on the type of amino acid involved in the chain and its sequence, as well as the specific shape of the peptide. Peptides usually act as hormones, thus forming a bio-message that transfers information from one tissue to another through the blood. Two common types of hormones are peptides and steroid hormones. Peptide hormones are produced in the glands and many other tissues, including the stomach, intestines, and brain. Examples of peptide hormones are those involved in blood glucose regulation, including insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon, and those that regulate appetite, including ghrelin.
Peptide structure:
A peptide is a chain molecule formed by dehydration condensation of an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) of an amino acid to form a peptide bond.
Peptide bond is a -CO-NH- bond formed by dehydration condensation reaction of an amino acid with an amino group of a sub-amino acid. It has the property of double bond and is in the same plane with six atoms in the vicinity, so CN cannot rotate freely. The peptide bond is a tie that constitutes a protein structure.
For peptides containing cysteine, methionine or tryptophan, deoxy buffers are essential for their dissolution and such peptides are susceptible to oxidation in air. Polypeptides containing glutamine or asparagine are also susceptible to degradation. The polypeptides are very stable at -20 ° C, especially freeze-dried and stored in a desiccator, and the lyophilized polypeptide can be placed at room temperature before exposing them to air.
admin